Detailed Explanation of Penile Anatomy and Erectile Physiology

What are the structures of the penis?

If you cut the penis horizontally, you'll find that its main structure consists of three corpora cavernosa:

There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum. The two corpora cavernosa are located on the dorsal side of the penis, the left one...

There is one on each side, connected together. Within the groove formed on their ventral sides is a corpus spongiosum. (Urethrium)

The end of the corpus spongiosum swells to form the glans penis, and the urethra runs through the corpus spongiosum.

In terms of sexual function, their functions are as follows: the corpora cavernosa of the penis is responsible for erection, while the corpus spongiosum is responsible for...

The tube "shoots". It's called a "sponge" because its interior consists of a large number of irregular...

Blood sinuses are composed of structures that, if cut open, resemble a sponge. Blood sinuses are formed by the dilation of the capillary terminals.

The resulting interstitial spaces, lacking a complete blood vessel wall surrounding them, can simply be filled with blood.

The gaps between these blood sinuses. These blood sinuses are interconnected, and the spaces between them are rich in smooth muscle fibers (which can be understood as...).

Tiny muscles).

To avoid being "naked," each corpus cavernosum is covered with a thick layer of "underwear."

These "underwear" layers are made of multiple layers of fibers, resulting in a tough texture, known as a white membrane. Of course, there are two types of sponges.

The "underwear" of the body is not quite the same; the main difference is that the tunica albuginea of ​​the corpora cavernosa of the penis is intact.

It has the function of limiting excessive expansion of the corpora cavernosa and its internal sinuses, playing a role in maintaining penile rigidity.

Important role. The tunica albuginea of ​​the corpus spongiosum is not fully developed, which makes the urethra more vulnerable during erection.

The internal pressure of the cotton did not increase significantly, which was conducive to ejaculation. There were several layers of clothing outside the "underwear".

It is protected by "clothing" (fascia tissue), the outermost layer being the foreskin. Blood vessels are located within these layers.

Tubes, nerves, lymphatic tissues, etc. pass through.

Normally, very little blood flows into the penile sinuses, which are flattened, and the corpora cavernosa...

Soft. When a large amount of blood flows into the sinuses, the sinuses become congested and swollen, and the veins under the tunica albuginea are also affected.

Pressure obstructs blood return, causing the corpora cavernosa to harden and the penis to erect. Simply put, it affects the amount of blood entering the penis.

More blood flow makes the penis hard; less blood flow makes the penis soft.

The penis has three important functions: the organ for male sexual intercourse, the main site of ejaculation, and the organ for relieving vomiting.

Urine. Penile erection and ejaculation are highly complex processes regulated by the neuroendocrine system.

The reflection process.

What causes penile erection?

For the penis to achieve an erection, four prerequisites are required: sound nerve control, and a complete endocrine system.

Secretory regulation, normal penile cavernous tissue, and adequate blood circulation. In most cases,

With this foundation, and the prerequisite of appropriate sexual stimulation, an erection is possible.

A sexually functional male will not only achieve an erection when sexually stimulated, but also in some situations where there is no sexual stimulation.

Erections can also occur under specific stimuli. Generally, doctors will determine the cause of the erection based on whether it occurs normally or not.

Based on environmental factors, erections can be categorized into nocturnal erections, psychogenic erections, and reflex erections. Regarding psychogenic erections...

Regarding erection and reflexive erection, four prerequisites plus one precondition are needed for the penis to achieve full hardness.

The mechanisms by which sexual stimulation from different sources induces erection are not entirely the same.

Nocturnal erections are unrelated to sexual stimulation and occur in almost all stages of life, from infancy to old age.

A normal man can experience nocturnal penile erections at any age. Why does this happen?

Intermittent erections are not yet fully understood; some believe it is due to the penis remaining flaccid for extended periods (also...).

This is a protective mechanism that occurs when the blood flow to the penis is low, ensuring that the corpora cavernosa of the penis receives sufficient blood.

Sufficient nutrients and oxygen ensure that it is not "starved," maintaining the integrity and function of erectile tissue structure.

Maintaining this is very important.

Psychogenic erection occurs when, in the absence of direct physical stimulation, one experiences an erection in response to visual stimuli from the opposite sex.

Erection caused by stimulation from the sense of smell or sexual fantasies, such as watching pornography, reading erotic novels, or hallucinations.

Thinking about beautiful women, smelling women's scent, etc. These neural impulses first act on the brain, and then...

The neural pathway descends to the erection center in the lumbar spinal cord. Under normal circumstances, this type of erectile response...

It is controlled by the brain and is usually inhibitory. Psychogenic erections occur in sexually active young people.

It is commonly seen in people, but its incidence gradually decreases with age.

When there is direct stimulation, sexual arousal signals originating from the penis, bladder, rectum, etc.

The neural pathway ascends to the erection center in the spinal cord, and then acts on the penis via efferent nerves.

An erection occurs; this is called a reflex erection. Of course, psychological factors also play a role in this process.

The two processes are inseparable, and therefore there is a synergistic effect between them.

Psychogenic erection can enhance reflexive erection.