Situations where sexual activity is not advisable, genetic diseases that preclude childbearing, and medications that affect fertility.

Under what circumstances is sexual intercourse inappropriate?

Sexual intercourse between spouses is a sign of reaching the climax of their relationship, bringing both sexual happiness and the ability to procreate. However, in order to both raise intelligent and healthy children and protect physical and mental health, sexual intercourse should be avoided under the following circumstances.

(1) Sexual intercourse after a full meal can lead to gastrointestinal problems.

(2) Having sex after smoking or drinking will result in the birth of a child who is either mentally challenged or mentally retarded. "Alcohol can impair one's sexual ability and also impair one's sperm quality."

(3) Sexual intercourse when hungry, overly tired, traveling long distances, or suffering from insomnia can easily damage one's vital energy and make one more susceptible to illness.

(4) Do not have sex when you are mentally exhausted, sad, angry, fearful, or restless. If you have sex, your offspring will be unintelligent and have a strange personality.

(5) Sexual intercourse is not advisable when the condition is just beginning to heal, the wound is not fully healed, or there is a sprain or bruise, in order to prevent a relapse of the condition.

(6) Sexual intercourse is prohibited during the first and last three months of pregnancy. Early intercourse can easily lead to miscarriage, while late intercourse can easily lead to premature birth. According to statistics on 410 cases of puerperal infection abroad, more than 50% of the cases had a history of sexual intercourse in the last month of pregnancy; 31% of the cases had a history of sexual intercourse in the last week of pregnancy; 20% had a history of sexual intercourse in the last three days; and 9.5% had a history of sexual intercourse one day before delivery.

(7) Do not have sex during menstruation, otherwise both parties will suffer, and bacteria will be easily introduced into the woman's vagina, causing a variety of diseases.

(8) Sexual intercourse is not advisable within 2 months after childbirth or female sterilization. Sexual intercourse is not advisable within 2 weeks after male sterilization or female IUD insertion (or removal).

(9) It is especially important to avoid sexual intercourse during periods of extreme heat or cold, sudden weather changes, or thunderstorms, as fertilization at such times can easily result in birth defects.

(10) After sexual intercourse at any time, it is advisable to lie down and sleep quietly. It is not advisable to get out of bed immediately, exert yourself and sweat, and it is strictly forbidden to be exposed to heat or cold, work in water, or take a cold shower.

What are the genetic diseases that make it difficult to have children?

The following are some genetic diseases that make it difficult to have children:

(1) Various severe dominant genetic diseases

① Retinocytoma: Bilateral retinoblastomas are typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning approximately half of the children born to individuals with bilateral retinoblastoma will also have the disease; ② Myotonic dystrophy (characterized by generalized muscle atrophy, most notably in the face, neck, shoulders, and upper limbs, accompanied by cataracts and hair loss); ③ Tuberous sclerosis (characterized by epilepsy, intellectual disability, and facial sebaceous adenomas); ④ Achondroplasia (characterized by dwarfism, short limbs, and facial deformities); ⑤ Hereditary spastic ataxia (characterized by gait instability, speech impairment, optic nerve atrophy, and nystagmus), etc. These diseases causing severe functional impairments and significant deformities prevent individuals from working, studying, and living normally, and there are no effective treatments available, making it unsuitable for them to have children.

(2) Both the man and woman suffer from the same serious recessive genetic disease.

① Wilson's disease (characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms such as tremor, increased muscle tone, and intellectual disability, as well as jaundice, ascites, and hepatosplenomegaly); ② Phenylketonuria (caused by amino acid metabolism disorders, resulting in intellectual disability and light hair; often leading to premature death if left untreated); ③ Glycogen storage disease (caused by glucose metabolism disorders, resulting in hepatomegaly, and damage to the heart, kidneys, and muscles); ④ Congenital achromatopsia (childhood photophobia, significantly reduced vision, and complete loss of color perception), etc. These diseases are often present in both parents, and their offspring often all develop the condition, making it unsuitable for them to have children.

(3) More severe multifactorial genetic diseases

This includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and primary epilepsy. It's best to treat these conditions before having children.

In addition, it is not advisable to have children if leprosy, sexually transmitted diseases, or other conditions are not cured.

Which medications may cause infertility?

With the rapid development of modern medicine, the use of drugs is widespread. While drugs treat diseases, they can also cause adverse reactions. Studies suggest that many drugs have adverse effects on sperm production and male sexual function. The extent of these effects depends on various factors, such as drug dosage and duration of use. Individual sensitivity is also a significant factor.

Current research suggests that the following types of drugs have a significant impact on male fertility.

(1) Chemotherapy drugs for treating tumors

Clinical observations have confirmed that the vast majority of chemotherapy drugs have the side effect of causing male infertility. For example, cyclophosphamide can destroy spermatogenic cells in the testes, leading to a decline in testicular spermatogenesis. If used before or during puberty, it can cause testicular atrophy.

(2) Antihypertensive drugs

The main side effect of these drugs is reduced libido, which can lead to difficulty ejaculating or even anejaculation. For example, methyldopa and guanethidine can cause impotence and difficulty ejaculating.

(3) Sedatives

There are clinical reports of decreased libido and erectile dysfunction after using barbiturates.

(4) Anesthetics

Studies on drug users suggest that opium or heroin use can significantly suppress sexual function, inhibit sperm production, and may also lead to delayed ejaculation or anejaculation, especially after heroin use, these phenomena are more pronounced.

(5) Androgens and estrogens

Androgens are widely used in the treatment of many andrological diseases. However, long-term and excessive use of androgens can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, reducing sperm production and leading to infertility. Additionally, long-term and high-dose use of estrogen can also cause a rapid decline in male libido, ultimately leading to impotence and affecting fertility.